Globalization of the United States, 1789-1861
Coltons General Atlas of the World

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Human Races

These “image essays” gather together striking images on the same theme from across the books in the exhibit.

American geographers voiced more casually what American scientists toiled to demonstrate in the mid nineteenth century: that the world was comprised of races — five in their view — with sharply defined and differentiated attributes. While the American continent was still identified with Native Americans, the American people were instead associated with whiteness, the kind of people even the famous abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe called “we.”

Hover over any image to see source information; right click on any image to see a larger version; look under Research Resources for guides to all images in the digital exhibit.


J.C. Nott and George R. Gliddon. Types of Mankind: or, Ethnological Researches, Based Upon the Ancient Monuments, Paintings, Sculptures, and Crania of Races, and upon their Natural, Geographical, Philosophical, and Biblical History.... Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo and Co.; London: Trubner and Co., 1854. p. 458.
S. Augustus Mitchell. A System of Modern Geography, Comprising a Description of the Present State of the World and its Five Great Divisions: America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceanica.... Philadelphia: Thomas, Cowperthwait and Co., 1844. p. 42.
Harriet Beecher Stowe. First Geography for Children. Boston: Phillips, Sampson and Co., 1855. p. 175.

Samuel G. Goodrich. A History of All Nations, from the Earliest Periods to the Present Time; or, Universal History: in which the History of Every Nation, Ancient and Modern, is Separately Given. New York and Auburn: Miller, Orton and Mulligan, 1856. pp. 1:47-49.
Samuel G. Goodrich. A History of All Nations, from the Earliest Periods to the Present Time; or, Universal History: in which the History of Every Nation, Ancient and Modern, is Separately Given. New York and Auburn: Miller, Orton and Mulligan, 1856. pp. 1:47-49.
Samuel G. Goodrich. A History of All Nations, from the Earliest Periods to the Present Time; or, Universal History: in which the History of Every Nation, Ancient and Modern, is Separately Given. New York and Auburn: Miller, Orton and Mulligan, 1856. pp. 1:47-49.
Samuel G. Goodrich. A History of All Nations, from the Earliest Periods to the Present Time; or, Universal History: in which the History of Every Nation, Ancient and Modern, is Separately Given. New York and Auburn: Miller, Orton and Mulligan, 1856. pp. 1:47-49.
Samuel G. Goodrich. A History of All Nations, from the Earliest Periods to the Present Time; or, Universal History: in which the History of Every Nation, Ancient and Modern, is Separately Given. New York and Auburn: Miller, Orton and Mulligan, 1856. pp. 1:47-49.